1. Operation Rainbow (May 2004)
Aimed at destroying tunnels used for weapons smuggling in Rafah, southern Gaza.

Resulted in the destruction of homes and civilian casualties.

2. Operation Days of Penitence (September–October 2004)
Launched in response to Qassam rocket attacks from Gaza.

Targeted northern Gaza, particularly Jabalia refugee camp.

3. Operation Summer Rains (June–November 2006)
Triggered by the capture of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit by Hamas.

Included airstrikes, shelling, and incursions into Gaza.

4. Operation Autumn Clouds (November 2006)
Focused on Beit Hanoun in northern Gaza.

Aimed at stopping rocket attacks on Israel.

5. Operation Hot Winter (February–March 2008)
Launched in response to increased rocket fire from Gaza.

Involved ground and air assaults.

6. Operation Cast Lead (December 2008 – January 2009)
A three-week offensive following sustained rocket fire from Gaza.

Caused significant destruction, with over 1,400 Palestinian casualties, mostly civilians.

7. Operation Pillar of Defense (November 2012)
Targeted Hamas leaders and infrastructure after continued rocket attacks.

Lasted eight days and resulted in hundreds of Palestinian deaths.

8. Operation Protective Edge (July–August 2014)
A large-scale war lasting 50 days.

Over 2,200 Palestinians were killed, most of them civilians.

Widespread destruction of infrastructure.

9. Operation Guardian of the Walls (May 2021)
A conflict lasting 11 days following tensions in Jerusalem.

Airstrikes on Gaza caused extensive damage and casualties.

10. Operation Breaking Dawn (August 2022)
Targeted Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) militants.

Lasted three days and killed dozens, including civilians.

11. 2023–2024 Israel-Gaza War (October 2023 – ongoing)
The most devastating conflict, triggered by the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023.

Massive Israeli bombardment, ground invasion, and severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza.